{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} {-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-} {-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-} {-# LANGUAGE MagicHash #-} {-# LANGUAGE UnboxedTuples #-} {-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-} {-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-} {-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module : GHC.Magic -- Copyright : (c) The University of Glasgow 2009 -- License : see libraries/ghc-prim/LICENSE -- -- Maintainer : cvs-ghc@haskell.org -- Stability : internal -- Portability : non-portable (GHC Extensions) -- -- GHC magic. -- -- Use GHC.Exts from the base package instead of importing this -- module directly. -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- module GHC.Magic ( inline, noinline, lazy, oneShot, runRW# ) where -------------------------------------------------- -- See Note [magicIds] in GHC.Types.Id.Make -------------------------------------------------- -- Here import TYPE explicitly from GHC.Types and not from GHC.Prim. This is -- because TYPE is not exported by the source Haskell module generated by -- genprimops which Haddock will typecheck. -- Likewise, realWorld# is not generated by genprimops so we use CPP and only -- import/use it when not building haddock docs. #if !defined(__HADDOCK_VERSION__) import GHC.Prim (realWorld#) #endif import GHC.Prim (State#, RealWorld) import GHC.Types (RuntimeRep, TYPE) -- | The call @inline f@ arranges that @f@ is inlined, regardless of -- its size. More precisely, the call @inline f@ rewrites to the -- right-hand side of @f@'s definition. This allows the programmer to -- control inlining from a particular call site rather than the -- definition site of the function (c.f. @INLINE@ pragmas). -- -- This inlining occurs regardless of the argument to the call or the -- size of @f@'s definition; it is unconditional. The main caveat is -- that @f@'s definition must be visible to the compiler; it is -- therefore recommended to mark the function with an @INLINABLE@ -- pragma at its definition so that GHC guarantees to record its -- unfolding regardless of size. -- -- If no inlining takes place, the 'inline' function expands to the -- identity function in Phase zero, so its use imposes no overhead. {-# NOINLINE[0] inline #-} inline :: a -> a inline :: a -> a inline a x = a x -- | The call @noinline f@ arranges that @f@ will not be inlined. -- It is removed during CorePrep so that its use imposes no overhead -- (besides the fact that it blocks inlining.) {-# NOINLINE noinline #-} noinline :: a -> a noinline :: a -> a noinline a x = a x -- | The 'lazy' function restrains strictness analysis a little. The -- call @lazy e@ means the same as @e@, but 'lazy' has a magical -- property so far as strictness analysis is concerned: it is lazy in -- its first argument, even though its semantics is strict. After -- strictness analysis has run, calls to 'lazy' are inlined to be the -- identity function. -- -- This behaviour is occasionally useful when controlling evaluation -- order. Notably, 'lazy' is used in the library definition of -- 'Control.Parallel.par': -- -- > par :: a -> b -> b -- > par x y = case (par# x) of _ -> lazy y -- -- If 'lazy' were not lazy, 'Control.Parallel.par' would look strict in -- @y@ which would defeat the whole purpose of 'Control.Parallel.par'. -- -- Like 'seq', the argument of 'lazy' can have an unboxed type. lazy :: a -> a lazy :: a -> a lazy a x = a x -- Implementation note: its strictness and unfolding are over-ridden -- by the definition in GHC.Types.Id.Make; in both cases to nothing at all. -- That way, 'lazy' does not get inlined, and the strictness analyser -- sees it as lazy. Then the worker/wrapper phase inlines it. -- Result: happiness -- | The 'oneShot' function can be used to give a hint to the compiler that its -- argument will be called at most once, which may (or may not) enable certain -- optimizations. It can be useful to improve the performance of code in continuation -- passing style. -- -- If 'oneShot' is used wrongly, then it may be that computations whose result -- that would otherwise be shared are re-evaluated every time they are used. Otherwise, -- the use of `oneShot` is safe. -- -- 'oneShot' is representation polymorphic: the type variables may refer to lifted -- or unlifted types. oneShot :: forall (q :: RuntimeRep) (r :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE q) (b :: TYPE r). (a -> b) -> a -> b oneShot :: (a -> b) -> a -> b oneShot a -> b f = a -> b f -- Implementation note: This is wired in in GHC.Types.Id.Make, so the code here is -- mostly there to have a place for the documentation. -- | Apply a function to a @'State#' 'RealWorld'@ token. When manually applying -- a function to `realWorld#`, it is necessary to use @NOINLINE@ to prevent -- semantically undesirable floating. `runRW#` is inlined, but only very late -- in compilation after all floating is complete. -- 'runRW#' is representation polymorphic: the result may have a lifted or -- unlifted type. runRW# :: forall (r :: RuntimeRep) (o :: TYPE r). (State# RealWorld -> o) -> o -- See Note [runRW magic] in CorePrep {-# NOINLINE runRW# #-} -- runRW# is inlined manually in CorePrep #if !defined(__HADDOCK_VERSION__) runRW# m = m realWorld# #else runRW# :: (State# RealWorld -> o) -> o runRW# = (State# RealWorld -> o) -> o forall o. (State# RealWorld -> o) -> o runRW# -- The realWorld# is too much for haddock #endif